Kayan marufi na kwaskwarima sun fi filastik, gilashi da takarda. A lokacin amfani da sarrafa robobi da taskance robobi, saboda wasu abubuwa na waje daban-daban kamar haske, iskar oxygen, zafi, radiation, wari, ruwan sama, mold, kwayoyin cuta, da dai sauransu, tsarin sinadaran robobi ya lalace, yana haifar da asarar su. asali kyawawan kaddarorin. Wannan al'amari galibi ana kiransa tsufa. Babban bayyanar cututtuka na tsufa na filastik shine canza launi, canje-canje a cikin kayan jiki, canje-canje a cikin kayan aikin injiniya da canje-canje a cikin kayan lantarki.
1. Bayanan tsufa na filastik
A cikin rayuwarmu, wasu samfuran ba makawa suna fallasa su ga haske, kuma hasken ultraviolet a cikin hasken rana, haɗe tare da babban zafin jiki, ruwan sama da raɓa, za su sa samfurin ya fuskanci al'amuran tsufa kamar asarar ƙarfi, fashewa, bawo, dullness, discoloration, foda. Hasken rana da zafi sune manyan abubuwan da ke haifar da tsufa na kayan abu. Hasken rana na iya haifar da abubuwa da yawa don raguwa, wanda ke da alaƙa da hankali da bakan kayan. Kowane abu yana amsa daban zuwa bakan.
Abubuwan da suka fi dacewa da tsufa na robobi a cikin yanayin yanayi shine zafi da hasken ultraviolet, saboda yanayin da kayan filastik suka fi fallasa su shine zafi da hasken rana (hasken ultraviolet). Nazarin tsufa na robobi da waɗannan nau'ikan mahalli guda biyu ke haifarwa yana da mahimmanci musamman ga ainihin yanayin amfani. Gwajinsa na tsufa za a iya kasu kusan kashi biyu: fallasa waje da saurin gwajin tsufa na dakin gwaje-gwaje.
Kafin a sanya samfurin cikin amfani mai girma, yakamata a yi gwajin tsufa mai haske don kimanta juriyarsa. Duk da haka, tsufa na halitta na iya ɗaukar shekaru da yawa ko ma ya fi tsayi don ganin sakamakon, wanda a fili bai dace da ainihin samarwa ba. Haka kuma, yanayin yanayi a wurare daban-daban ya bambanta. Ana buƙatar gwada kayan gwajin iri ɗaya a wurare daban-daban, wanda ke ƙara ƙimar gwaji sosai.
2. Gwajin bayyanar waje
Fitowar waje kai tsaye tana nufin fallasa kai tsaye ga hasken rana da sauran yanayin yanayi. Ita ce hanya mafi kai tsaye don kimanta juriyar yanayin kayan filastik.
Amfani:
Ƙananan cikakken farashi
Kyakkyawan daidaito
Mai sauƙi da sauƙi don aiki
Rashin hasara:
Yawancin lokaci mai tsayi sosai
Bambancin yanayi na duniya
Samfurori daban-daban suna da hankali daban-daban a yanayi daban-daban
3. Hanyar gwajin tsufa da haɓakar dakin gwaje-gwaje
Gwajin tsufa haske na dakin gwaje-gwaje ba zai iya rage sake zagayowar kawai ba, har ma yana da kyakkyawan maimaitawa da fa'idar aikace-aikace. An kammala shi a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje a duk lokacin aiwatarwa, ba tare da la'akari da ƙuntatawa na yanki ba, kuma yana da sauƙin aiki kuma yana da ƙarfin sarrafawa. Kwaikwaya ainihin yanayin hasken wuta da amfani da hanyoyin saurin tsufa na haske na wucin gadi na iya cimma manufar kimanta aikin kayan cikin sauri. Babban hanyoyin da ake amfani da su sune gwajin tsufa na hasken ultraviolet, gwajin tsufa na fitilar xenon da tsufa na hasken carbon.
1. Xenon haske tsufa Hanyar gwajin
Gwajin tsufa na fitilar Xenon gwaji ne wanda ke kwaikwayi cikakken bakan hasken rana. Gwajin tsufa na fitilar Xenon na iya kwaikwayon yanayin wucin gadi na halitta a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci. Hanya ce mai mahimmanci don tantance ƙididdiga da haɓaka abubuwan samfur a cikin aiwatar da bincike da samarwa na kimiyya, kuma yana da mahimmancin binciken ingancin samfur.
Bayanan gwajin tsufa na fitilar Xenon na iya taimakawa zaɓin sabbin kayan, canza kayan da ke akwai, da kimanta yadda canje-canjen dabaru ke shafar dorewar samfuran.
Ka'ida ta asali: ɗakin gwajin fitilun xenon yana amfani da fitilun xenon don kwaikwayi tasirin hasken rana, kuma yana amfani da danshi mai ƙarfi don daidaita ruwan sama da raɓa. Ana sanya kayan da aka gwada a cikin yanayin canza haske da danshi a wani yanayin zafi don gwaji, kuma yana iya haifar da haɗarin da ke faruwa a waje na tsawon watanni ko ma shekaru a cikin ƴan kwanaki ko makonni.
Gwajin aikace-aikacen:
Zai iya samar da kwaikwaiyon muhalli daidai da ingantattun gwaje-gwaje don binciken kimiyya, haɓaka samfuri da sarrafa inganci.
Ana iya amfani dashi don zaɓin sabbin kayan aiki, haɓaka kayan da ake da su ko kimanta ƙarfin aiki bayan canje-canje a cikin abun da ke ciki.
Yana iya kwaikwayi sauye-sauyen da kayan da aka fallasa ga hasken rana ke haifarwa a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban na muhalli.
2. Hanyar gwajin tsufa haske UV
Gwajin tsufa na UV galibi yana kwatanta tasirin lalacewar hasken UV a cikin hasken rana akan samfurin. Haka kuma, tana iya haifar da barnar da ruwan sama da raɓa ke haifarwa. Ana gudanar da gwajin ta hanyar fallasa kayan da za a gwada a cikin tsarin hulɗar da ke sarrafa hasken rana da danshi yayin ƙara yawan zafin jiki. Ana amfani da fitilu masu kyalli na ultraviolet don kwaikwayi hasken rana, kuma tasirin danshi kuma ana iya kwaikwayi ta tari ko feshi.
Fitilar UV mai kyalli wata fitilar mercury ce mai ƙarancin matsa lamba tare da tsawon tsayin 254nm. Saboda ƙarin kasancewar haɗin kai na phosphorus don canza shi zuwa tsayin tsayi mai tsayi, rarraba makamashi na fitilar UV mai haske ya dogara ne da nau'in watsawa da ke haifar da haɗin kai na phosphorus da yaduwar bututun gilashi. Fitilar fitilun yawanci ana raba su zuwa UVA da UVB. Aikace-aikacen bayyanar kayan yana ƙayyade nau'in fitilar UV da ya kamata a yi amfani da shi.
3. Carbon Arc fitilar haske tsufa Hanyar gwajin
Carbon arc fitila tsohuwar fasaha ce. Na'urar baka na Carbon asalin masanan kemishin ɗin roba na Jamus ne suka yi amfani da su don tantance saurin haske na rini. An raba fitilun baka na carbon zuwa rufaffiyar fitilun arc na carbon da ke buɗe. Ko da kuwa nau'in fitilar carbon arc, bakan sa ya bambanta da bakan hasken rana. Saboda dogon tarihin wannan fasaha na aikin, fasahar tsufa na simintin hasken wucin gadi na farko ya yi amfani da wannan kayan aiki, don haka har yanzu ana iya ganin wannan hanya a matakan da suka gabata, musamman ma a farkon matakan Japan, inda galibi ana amfani da fasahar fitilar carbon arc azaman hasken wucin gadi. Hanyar gwajin tsufa.
Lokacin aikawa: Agusta-20-2024